Religion
- West, Roman Catholicism
- East, Orthodox Christianity. Expands into Russia or east
- Rest is pretty much Islamic.
Causes
- Avignon Papacy, 2 popes, One rome, One avignon. People don’t know who to listen to.
- Simony, Church offices sold
- Nepotism, Connection not qualifications
- Pluralism, Multiple offices.
- Too much power, power, and wealth of the roman catholic church have too much property and no taxes.
- Traveling preachers became popular making the church less cool
- Christian Humanism, Especially in the north. People like Erasmus criticized]
- The printing press presented new ideas.
Church Blindsided
- Church pit down problems in 14th century. Wycliffe Translated the bible into English (burned after death)
- Huss, criticized some popes, They burn huss at the stake because popes no like.
- 16th-century movements are too powerful.
Growth of Protestantism
- Spiritual Satisfaction
- Correct Church abuses
- Leaders took control of religious institutions
- Acquired church wealth.
Ferdinand And Isabella
- Marriage unified Spain in 1469
- Religious Unity, Promoted Catholicism, Drove away Jews.
- Built a colonial empire
- Arranged political marriages for their 3 daughters- One Catherine of the aragon, to Henry VIII of England,
Charles V
- Grandson of Ferdinand & Isabela
- Became HR emperor in 1520
- Fought, the French, Moslem Turks, and Protestant Germans.
Lutheranism
- Educated Sin of german Miner.
- Concerned with soul
- tried to be a lawyer.
- Becomes a munc because of a deal with god.
- Found answer in Romans, He said to live by faith.
95 Theses- 1517
- Caused by, John Tetzel selling indulgences.
- German princes to seize church property
- make themselves head of the german church in german
- People excommunicated him
- he burned the papal bull
Luther And Charles V
- Charles V called Luther before the diet of worms. Refused to recant, and his writings were outlawed
- Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony protected Luther, to gain more power (lessen tithes)
German Religious Turmoil
- Anabaptists taught radical doctrines in Luther’s name, but Luther repudiated them.
Erasmus
- First saw Luther as a kindred spirit
- Found him a conservative, Uncompromising RCC
German Social Turmoil
- Peasants revolted in Luther’s name, and felt he hated all oppressive authority
- Luther again was conservative, rejected their attack on authority, and urged princes to stop the revolt.
Ramifications
- HRE is divided as princes fought
- Charles V was too busy with the french and Turks, soo they come up with the treaty of preach of Augsburg. You get to allow peasants to move,