Biology Notes

Vocab:

  • Sister Chromatids are halfs of a chomoasomes
  • Spindle Fibers used to move chromasomes
  • Apoptosis: Programed cell death

CheckPoints:

  • G1, Interphase or normal functions
  • S, Duplication of DNA (getting ready) Not considered a checkpoint
  • G2, Checks to ensure DNA is replicated Correctly
  • M, Duplication phase when cell splits into 2; Cytokenissis

Phases

INTERPHASE

Interphase is the first phase of the cell cycle and the longest part of the cell cycle. Normal functions and energy usage. This is where the G1 checkpoint occurs.

PROPHASE

The nucleus breaks down and Chromosomes begin to move to the middle of the cell or equator.

METAPHASE

Chromosomes are now situated at the middle of the cell and are attached to spindle fibers.

ANAPHASE

The Spine fibers become shorter causing the Chromosomes to split into sister chromatids and are pulled to each side of the cell

Telophase

Cell right before full division. Spindle Fibers withdraw and the cell looks like a ven diagram.

Cytokinesis

The Cell is fully split into daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell and to each other.

Cancer Notes:

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle.

Cells stop growing if they bump into another cell, cancer cells do not stop replicating.

A tumor is a mass of cells, Malignant (bad cancer), Benign(Not bad just there)

Metastasized is when cancer moves to other parts(What you already know)

Characterisitcs of Cancer:

  • Can Affect all types of tissues, rarer in muscle tissue.
Biology Notes