BIology Notes 3.0

Index

Chromasomal Mutations

Genetic Mutations

Chromasomal Mutations

Occurs in the chromosomes and are caused in a couple of different ways

DNA Mutations

• Deletion, nitrogenase base is deleted –Frame Shift Mutation
• Insertion, A nitrogenase base is added –Frame Shift Mutation
• Substitution

Vocabulary

• Frame Shift Mutation – Mutation that causes all procceding dna NB to be shifted down or up. this causes a frameshift.
• Nondijusction mutation – A mutation caused when 2 homologous chromasomes are not correctly seperated.
• Silent Mutation – A mutation that changes a NB but does not change the resulting Nuclaic Acid and therefore protein produced.
• Sematic Cells – A cell/s that are strictly body cells and do body things.
• Germ Cells, Gametes, Sex Cells – cells dealing in reproduction
• Germ Mutations- Mutations that affect sex cells causing offspring to inherit un intended mutations
• mutagens – factors that lead to a mutation
• Gene Mutation – Mutaion in the genes, usually during DNA replication or S phase
• Point Mutations – Mutations that do not cause a framshift but rather replace a nucelotide
• Meiosis – Cell Cycle for Sex Cells
• Misense Mutation – Muations that result in a different nucleotide.

Additional

• Most organisms tend to have 2 sets of chrmasomes but some have more, this is called Polyploidy when an organism has more than 2 sets of chromasomes
• Anepology is when an organism has the common 2 sets. This is what occurs in humans. -Humans have 46 pairs or 23 chromasomes from each parent.

BIology Notes 3.0