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European History, Notes Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution is:
- Machines replace human & animal power-producing goods
- increased efficiency
- Steam Engine was invented in the 1780s, which was considered the turning point as it increased the speed of doing things.
- Europe transitioned from agriculture to industrial. The majority of the population transitioned to employment in factories.
By the 1860s industrialism had spread across Europe, and started in England as it was more open to regulation to help business grow.
ECONOMICS
- Both equally crucial Neolithic revolution and the Industrial Revolution caused a radical change in society. Across western civilization.
Roots of the Industrial revolution
- Commercial Revolution, spurred economic growth and started the age of exploration
- Price revolution” stimulated production.
- Rise of Capitalism, Surplus money used to invest to make a profit.
- Middle class provided leadership (and grew themselves exponentially)
Roles
- Scientific Revolution produced mechanical and technological advances/inventions. = more people = more science = more advancement = more people = more science = more advancement = more people etc.
Phases
Cottage Industry.
- Cottage Industry, Early phases. Rural industry growing economy 18th century. The rural population requires more income to account for the downfall, City merchants also sought cheap rural labor, Production was then put out into the countryside, hence the name Putting-out system.” Raw materials are given to rural families and finished or semi-finished products are then given back to the merchants who get payment based on what they output.
- Issues, disputes between the quality, amount, weight, or some issue with the product outputted, by the families and merchants. Or families not doing the work in good time, and as a result, they disputed the amount owed to people.
- the previous issues encouraged the search for more efficient ways of achieving this, and so factories were created.
- Result, Rural families supplemented incomes, in case farming was not enough income, Unregulated production = experimentation and diversification of goods.
- Why England? Resources, geography, economic system, and governmental system.