European Imperialism

Old VS NEW imperialism

Old Imperialism

  • leading powers, Spain, Portugal, France, & Brittain
  • Seize land through force & settle it with Europeans or establish trading posts
  • Exploit resources & gain land to settle: God, Gold, Glory

New Imperialism

  • Brittain, France, & Germany
  • Invest capital in developing mines, agriculture, & infrastructure. It is controlled through negotiation and force.
  • Goals are more complex.

Goals and Motives for Imperialism

  • Communist Theory
  • Market & Raw materials
  • Civilizing mission
  • military & political reasons

COMMUNIST THEORY

  • According to Lenin: Imperialism was the “monopoly stage of Capitalism” Where the system died and could no longer grow. They condom Imperialism

Problems in the Theory

  • Most country’s governments did not invest heavily in colonies
  • Capitalism was going strong.

MARKETS AND MATERIALS

  • Growing industrial capacity, requires a larger market and materials
  • Africa is rich in natural resources
  • Improvements in steel production allow for better shipbuilding and rail transportation.

ISSUES

  • it was unclear whether the colonies were actually profitable with the exception of India, remarked as a “jewel in the crown”

A Civilizing Mission

  • spread Christianity, bringing culture as well
  • European Racism, and social Darwinism – argued Europeans were better so it was only natural for them to conquer “inferior” people.

Issues with this theory

  • Exploitation and treatment of people are often contrary to humanitarian goals.

THE WHITE MANS BURDEN

  • To civilize people
  • likely views them as inferior
https://alicesupercoolarchive.com/2023/02/27/european-imperialism/